Class 12 Physics Imp Qn’s

Mechanics

Important Questions of Mechanics is given as:

Unit 1: Rotational motion Important Topics and Question

Important Questions of Rotational Motion is given as:

Topics:

  • Introduction of Rotational Dynamics
  • Equations of Angular Motion and Linear Motion
  • Relation between the moment of inertia and torque
  • Radius of Gyration
  • Moment of inertia of thin uniform rod rotating about its center and its one end
  • Derivation of rotational kinetic energy
  • What is torque? Relation between torque and angular acceleration of a rigid body
  • Principle of conservation of angular momentum
  • Solve Numerical problems and conceptual Questions regarding the rotational Dynamics (cover each topic)

Unit 2: Periodic motion Important Topics and Questions

Important Questions of Periodic is given as:

Topics:

  • Define SHM, its equation, and its expression for energy.
  • Angular SHM and its periods
  • Expression of the time period of a simple pendulum and damped oscillation.
  • Numerical Problems from each Topic

Unit 3: Fluid statics Important Topics and Questions

Important Questions of Fluid Statics is given as:

Topics:

  • Explain Archimedes and Pascal’s law.
  • Up-thrust, pressure in fluid, buoyancy, center of buoyancy, and metacenter
  • Law of Floatation
  • Surface Tension with its principle
  • Angle of contact and capillarity
  • Newton’s formula for the viscosity of the liquid
  • Bernoulli’s equation and its application
  • State and Explain Stoke’s Law and use it to find the Coefficient of viscosity of the given liquid
  • Solve Numerical problems and conceptual Questions regarding the fluid statics

Heat and Thermodynamics

Important Questions of Heat and Thermodynamics is given as:

Unit 4: First law of Thermodynamics Important Topics and Questions

Important Questions of 1st law of Thermodynamics is given as:

Topics:

  • Concept of Thermodynamics
  • Work done by System / on System
  • Latent Heat and Internal Energy
  • First Law of Thermodynamics / its limitations
  • Cp-Cv = R ( Myer’s Relation )
  • Work done during an adiabatic and isothermal process
  • Prove : PV ^ (gamma) = constant
  • PV diagram ( adiabatic, isothermal process, isobaric, isochoric )
  • Reversible and irreversible process 
  • Numerical related to the first law of thermodynamics and thermodynamics process

Unit 5: Second law of Thermodynamics Important Topics and Questions

Important Questions of 2nd law of thermodynamics is given as:

Topics:

  • State Second law of thermodynamics ( Kelvin’s and Clausius’s Statement )
  • Heat Engine and its efficiency
  • Carnot’s Cycle with PV diagram and Calculate the work done of each step.
  • Internal Combustion engines, Otto engines, diesel engine
  • Refrigerator as heat engine working in the reverse direction
  • Entropy and its role
  • Mathematical problems related to Heat engines ( very important, efficiency types question)

Wave and Optics

Unit 6: Wave motion Important Topics and Questions

Topics:

  • Progressive wave 
  • Stationary waves 
  • Frequency, Amplitude, velocity, period, etc of a progressive wave

Unit 7: Mechanical waves Important Topics and Questions

Topics:

  • Speed of wave motion
  • Velocity in solid, liquid, and gas
  • Newton’s formula of the velocity of sound in gas
  • Laplace correction
  • Effect of temperature, pressure, and humidity on the velocity of sound
  • Solve some numerical problems related to the velocity of sound in the given medium and condition.

Unit 8: Waves in pipes and string Important Topics and Questions

Topics:

  • Open and Closed organ pipes
  • Harmonics and overtones
  • End correction in pipes
  • Formula of the velocity of transverse wave 
  • Vibration of String and overtones
  • Know the laws of Vibration of fixed string.

Unit 9: Acoustic phenomena Important Topics and Questions

Topics:

  • Sound waves as pressure waves
  • Characterize the sound using its intensity, loudness, quality, and pitch
  • Doppler’s effect ( most important, numerical )

Unit 10: Nature and propagation Important Topics and Questions

Topics:

  • Huygens’s principle to explain the reflection and refraction of light

Unit 11: Interference Important Topics and Questions

Topics:

  • Phenomenon of Interferences 
  • Coherent source
  • Young’s Double slit experiment and obtain nth order maxima ( most important )

Unit 12: Diffraction Important Topics and Questions

Topics:

  • Diffraction at a single slit
  • Expression for nth Order
  • Diffraction grating
  • Resolving power of optical instruments
  • Solve some numerical

Unit 13: Polarization Important Topics and Questions

Topics:

  • Phenomenon of polarization
  • Brewster’s law and its use

Important Questions of Wave and Optics is given as:

  1. Define wave motion. Derive the progressive wave equations in a medium.
  2. Starting with the definition of stationary waves, prove that the distance between any two consecutive nodes or antinodes in a stationary wave is ƛ/2.
  3. Write an expression for Newton’s formula for the velocity of sound in air. Explain the necessary correction made by Laplace.
  4. Define end correction. Show that, in an open organ pipe, both odd and even harmonics can be produced.
  5. Define natural frequency. Describe an experiment to determine the velocity of sound in air by the resonance air column tube method.
  6. Describe a sound wave as a pressure wave and deduce an expression for the pressure amplitude.
  7. Define beats. Obtain an expression for the beat frequency produced by the superposition of two waves of slightly different frequencies.
  8. What is the Doppler effect in sound? Obtain an expression for the apparent frequency of sound when both source and observer are moving towards each other.
  9. State Huygen’s law and use it to verify Snell’s law.
  10. Define coherent sources of light. Describe Young’s double-slit experiment and show that the bright fringes and dark fringes are equally spaced.
  11. Define polarization of light. Show that, μ=tan𝜭p, where the symbols have their usual meanings.

Electricity and Magnetism

Unit 14: Electric Circuits Important Topics and Questions

Topic:

  • Kirchhoff’s Current law and Voltage law
  • Wheatstone bridge
  • AC working principle
  • Combination of resistors ie. series and parallel
  • Potentiometer and use of Potentiometer
  • Meter Bridge
  • Shunt / Galvanometer 
  • Conversion of galvanometer into ammeter or Voltmeter
  • Joule’s law of heating
  • Superconductor / perfect Conductor
  • Some numerical related to the above topics

Unit 15: Thermoelectric effects Important Topics and Questions

Topics:

  • Seebeck effect and its application
  • Thermocouple
  • Peltier effect 
  • Thermopile
  • Some Mathematical problems related to topics

Unit 16: Magnetic field Important Topics and Questions

Topics:

  • Concept of magnetic field lines and magnetic flux
  • Oersted’s Experiment
  • Force and Torque on the rectangular coil 
  • Moving coil galvanometer and its application
  • Hall effect and hall Voltage law/hall prode 
  • Biot and Savart law and its application ( i. circular coil, ii. long straight conductor, iii. a long solenoid )
  • Ampere’s law and its application ( i. long straight conductor, ii. Straight solenoid, iii. A toroidal solenoid )
  • Force between two parallel conductors carrying current.
  • Solve the basic numerical problems (  Only basic is enough)

Unit 17: Magnetic properties of materials Topics and important Questions

Topics:

  • Relative permeability and relative susceptibility
  • Hysteresis of ferromagnetism
  • Important: Di-, -para, and -ferromagnetic materials

Unit 18: Electromagnetic Induction Important Topics and important Questions

Topics:

  • Faraday’s laws
  • Lenz’s law
  • A.C. generators: Eddy currents
  • Self-Induction and mutual induction
  • Energy stored in an inductor
  • Transformer

Unit 19: Alternating Currents Important Questions and Topics

Topics:

  • Peak and RMS value of AC current and voltage
  • AC through a resistor, a capacitor, and an inductor
  • Phasor Diagram
  • Series circuits containing a combination of resistance, capacitance, and inductance
  • Series resonance, Quality factor
  • Power in AC circuits: power factor
  • Numerical ( only easy because it’s not your relationship to be Complected )

Important Questions of Electricity and Magnetism is given as:

  1. How can you convert a galvanometer into an ammeter (or voltmeter)? Explain.
  2. Discuss the mechanism of metallic conduction. Derive a relation between current density and drift velocity.
  3. State and apply Kirchoff’s rule to measure the unknown resistance of a wire by using the Wheatstone bridge circuit.
  4. State the principle of meter bridge. Describe how it is used to determine the resistance of a wire.
  5. What is the principle of a potentiometer? Explain with necessary theory how you would determine the internal resistance of a cell using this principle.
  6. What do you mean by the thermoelectric effect? Discuss the variation of thermo emf in a thermocouple with the temperature change.
  7. State and explain Biot – Savart’s law. Use it to find the magnetic field due to a long straight current-carrying conductor.
  8. State Ampere’s law. Deduce an expression for the force between two parallel current-carrying wires.
  9. State Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. Derive an expression for the emf induced in a straight conductor moving at right angles to the direction of a uniform magnetic field.
  10. State Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. Deduce an expression for the emf induced in a coil rotating uniformly in a uniform magnetic field.
  11. Explain the principle and working of a transformer.
  12. Discuss the condition for the resonant frequency of the LCR alternating current circuit.

Modern Physics

Unit 20: Electrons Important Question and Topics

Topics:

  • Millikan’s oil drop experiment
  • Motion of electron beam in electric and magnetic fields
  • Thomson’s experiment to determine specific charge ( e/m )
  • Related mathematical problems ( I will upload soon: click here )

Unit 21: Photons Important Topics and Important Questions

Topics:

  • Quantum nature of radiation
  • Einstein’s photoelectric equation: stopping potential 
  • Measurement of Plank’s constant
  • Some numerical ( I will upload: check later )

Unit 22: Semiconductor devices Important Questions and Topics

Topics:

  • P-N junction
  • Forward bias and reverse bias
  • Full wave rectification
  • Logic gate: NOT, OR, AND, NAND, AND NOR

Unit 23: Quantization of energy Important Questions and Topics

Topics:

  • Bohr’s theory
  • Spectral series: Excitation and ionization potentials
  • Energy Level: Emission and absorption spectra
  • De Broglie Theory: Duality
  • Uncertainty principle
  • X-rays: Nature and production
  • Bragg’s law
  • Numerical Concept Based 

Unit 24: Radioactivity and nuclear reaction Important Questions and Topics

Topics:

  • Alpha, Beta particle, and Gamma ray
  • Law of radioactive disintegration
  • Half-life, mean-life, and decay constant
  • Geiger-Muller tube
  • Carbon dating
  • Medical use of nuclear radiation
  • Some numerical ( simple, but conceptual type )

Topics:

  • Seismology ( Surface and Internal waves, MCQ related )
  • Gravitational wave
  • Nanotechnology 
  • Higgs Boson

Important Questions of Modern Physics is given as:

  1. Describe the construction and working principle of Millikan’s oil-drop experiment to determine the charge of an electron.
  2. Define cross-field. Describe the construction and working principle of J.J. Thomson’s experiment to determine the specific charge of an electron.
  3. Define the threshold frequency and work function of a metal. Explain Einstein’s photoelectric equation.
  4. Describe the experiment to determine Planck’s constant.
  5. State Bohr’s postulates for the atomic model. Derive the expression for the radius of an electron bound to a hydrogen atom. (OR, to find the total energy of an electron in nth orbit.)
  6. Explain Bragg’s law of diffraction for X – rays.
  7. What is Zener’s breakdown? How can a Zener diode be used as a voltage regulator? Explain.
  8. Define mass defect. Explain the significance of the graph of binding energy per nucleon versus the atomic mass number.
  9. State the laws of radioactivity. Derive the relation between the half-life period and decay constant.

The topics listed above are  Important Questions for the NEB exam in physics for the years 2023 / 2080. We also took some references to prepare for this content.

 

All the best for your exams.

 

For Model Questions Click Here.

 

Class 12 Physics Based on the revised curriculum

  1. Mechanics 
  2. Heat and Thermodynamics
  3. Wave and Optics
  4. Electricity and Magnetism
  5. Modern Physics 

1.Mechanics

  • Introduction of Rotational Dynamics
  • What is torque? Relation between torque and angular acceleration of a rigid body
  • Solve Numerical problems and conceptual Questions regarding the rotational Dynamics (cover each topic)
  • Define SHM, its equation, and its expression for energy.
  • Expression of the time period of a simple pendulum and damped oscillation.
  • Numerical Problems from each Topic of SHM
  • Explain Archimedes and Pascal’s law.
  • Up-thrust, pressure in fluid, buoyancy, center of buoyancy, and metacenter
  • Surface Tension with its principle
  • Bernoulli’s equation and its application
  • State and Explain Stoke’s Law and use it to find the Coefficient of viscosity of the given liquid

    Ezoic

  • Solve Numerical problems and conceptual Questions regarding the fluid statics

2.Heat and Thermodynamics

  • Concept of Thermodynamics
  • First Law of Thermodynamics / its limitations
  • Cp-Cv = R ( Myer’s Relation )
  • PV diagram ( adiabatic, isothermal process, isobaric, isochoric )
  • Reversible and irreversible process
  • Numerical related to the first law of thermodynamics and thermodynamics process

3.Wave and Optics

  • Frequency, Amplitude, velocity, period, etc of a progressive wave
  • Laplace correction
  • Open and Closed organ pipes Numericals
  • Doppler’s effect ( most important, numerical )
  • Huygens’s principle to explain the reflection and refraction of light
  • Young’s Double slit experiment and obtain nth order maxima ( most important )
  • Diffraction at a single slit
  • Phenomenon of polarization & Brewster’s law and its use
  • Define wave motion. Derive the progressive wave equations in a medium.
  • Starting with the definition of stationary waves, prove that the distance between any two consecutive nodes or antinodes in a stationary wave is ƛ/2.

    Ezoic

  • Write an expression for Newton’s formula for the velocity of sound in air. Explain the necessary correction made by Laplace.
  • Define end correction. Show that, in an open organ pipe, both odd and even harmonics can be produced.

    Ezoic

  • Define natural frequency. Describe an experiment to determine the velocity of sound in air by the resonance air column tube method.
  • Describe a sound wave as a pressure wave and deduce an expression for the pressure amplitude.

    Ezoic

  • Define beats. Obtain an expression for the beat frequency produced by the superposition of two waves of slightly different frequencies.
  • What is the Doppler effect in sound? Obtain an expression for the apparent frequency of sound when both source and observer are moving towards each other.

    Ezoic

  • State Huygen’s law and use it to verify Snell’s law.
  • Define coherent sources of light. Describe Young’s double-slit experiment and show that the bright fringes and dark fringes are equally spaced.
  • Define polarization of light. Show that, μ=tan𝜭p, where the symbols have their usual meanings.

4.Electricity and Magnetism

  • How can you convert a galvanometer into an ammeter (or voltmeter)? Explain.
  • Discuss the mechanism of metallic conduction. Derive a relation between current density and drift velocity.
  • State and apply Kirchoff’s rule to measure the unknown resistance of a wire by using the Wheatstone bridge circuit.

    Ezoic

  • State the principle of meter bridge. Describe how it is used to determine the resistance of a wire.
  • What is the principle of a potentiometer? Explain with necessary theory how you would determine the internal resistance of a cell using this principle.
  • What do you mean by the thermoelectric effect? Discuss the variation of thermo emf in a thermocouple with the temperature change.

    Ezoic

  • State and explain Biot – Savart’s law. Use it to find the magnetic field due to a long straight current-carrying conductor.
  • State Ampere’s law. Deduce an expression for the force between two parallel current-carrying wires.
  • State Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. Derive an expression for the emf induced in a straight conductor moving at right angles to the direction of a uniform magnetic field.
  • State Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. Deduce an expression for the emf induced in a coil rotating uniformly in a uniform magnetic field.

    Ezoic

  • Explain the principle and working of a transformer.
  • Discuss the condition for the resonant frequency of the LCR alternating current circuit.

5.Modern Physics

  • Millikan Oil Drop experiment
  • Thomson’s experiment to calculate specific charge of an electron
  • Einstein’s Photoelectric equation
  • Bohr’s postulates and find the energy of electron of nth orbit
  • Radius of nth Bohr’s orbit
  • Gaseous discharge
  • Full Wave Rectifier
  • Describe the construction and working principle of Millikan’s oil-drop experiment to determine the charge of an electron.
  • Define cross-field. Describe the construction and working principle of J.J. Thomson’s experiment to determine the specific charge of an electron.
  • Define the threshold frequency and work function of a metal. Explain Einstein’s photoelectric equation.
  • Describe the experiment to determine Planck’s constant.
  • State Bohr’s postulates for the atomic model. Derive the expression for the radius of an electron bound to a hydrogen atom. (OR, to find the total energy of an electron in nth orbit.)

    Ezoic

  • Explain Bragg’s law of diffraction for X – rays.
  • What is Zener’s breakdown? How can a Zener diode be used as a voltage regulator? Explain.
  • Define mass defect. Explain the significance of the graph of binding energy per nucleon versus the atomic mass number.
  • State the laws of radioactivity. Derive the relation between the half-life period and decay constant.